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VOCABS

1. Shapes
Shapes is all the geometrical information that remains when location, scale and rotational effects are filtered out from an object.
This is example of shapes

2. Parts of body
This is example of parts of body

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APPOINTMENT

- Appointment tells about agreement for meeting. It's good to make an appointment before you meet someone or people.

- Making appointment is a kind of expression which is used to conduct promise.

- How to make an appointment ?

• I'd like to make an appointment with... (you/name)
• I want to an appointment to see... (Valentino Rossi)
• I'd like to make an appoitment to see.. (Nicky Hayden)
• I'd like you to come and see me.
• Can I come and see you ?
• I'll be there
• What about... (sunday)

- How to accepting an appointment ?

• All right, see you there
• No problem. I'm free on... (sunday)
• Be there on time
• I'll wait for you there
• It's a deal

- How to cancelling an appointment ?

• I'm sorry. I'm very busy.
• I'm terrible sorry, I have to put off my appointment
• I'm afraid I have to postpone my appointment with... (Bondan Prakoso) tomorrow morning.

- How to changing an appointment ?

• What about... (Friday 4 p.m ?)
• Is that OK. If we meet at 10 tomorrow morning ?
• Do you have another time this afternoon ?
• Could we change the day (time) of the meeting ?
• Would you mind if we change the day (time) of the meeting ?

- Example dialogs about appointment :
After school...
Jessica : Bondan, I have a serious problem. I need to talk to you. Could we meet today?
Bondan : What time ?
Jessica : After the session
Bondan : OK. I'll be there.

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ADVERTISEMENT

This is Example of Advertisement

Shoes Vans :












Okay and, This is The Definition of Advertisement, check this out!
Advertisement is a form communication used to help sell products and service. typically it communicates a message including the name of the product or service could potentially benefit the costumer.

we can find advertisement on news paper,tabloid,radio,television,and internet.

*Function of advertisement

- promotion

- communication

- information

*In making advertisement, keep the following points:
- Using the correct or suitable words
- Using the interesting and suggestive expressions
- Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals

*Content of advertisement
- Objective and honest
- Brief and clear
- Not allude group or other producer

*Kinds of advertisement
- Family advertisement
- Invitation advertisement
- Sponsored advertisement
- Request advertisement
- News advertisement

*Media of advertisement
- By television
- By radio
- Billboard
- Leaflet
- Pamflet

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SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Simple past tense is used to indicate the activity in the past. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. So, it is commonly used in a story telling.

The formula of Simple Past Tense :

a. Without Verb :

(+) S + to be (was/were) + Obj. / Compliment

(-) S + to be (was/were) + not + Obj. / Compliment

(?) To be (was/were) + S + Obj. / Compliment + ?

Example : (+) I was at home last night

(-) I was not at home last night

(?) Was I at home last night?

b. With Verb :

(+) S + V₂ + Compliment

(-) S + did + not + V₁ + Compliment

(?) Did + S + V₁ + Compliment + ?

Example : (+) I called him last night.

(-) I did not call him last night.

(?) Did I call him last night?

Time Signal of Simple Past Tense :

¯ Yesterday

¯ Yesterday afternoon

¯ Last night

¯ Last month

¯ Last week

¯ Last year

¯ An hour ago

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NARRATIVE TEXT

Narrative text is a text to entertain, to gain and hold a reader’s interest. It’s usually like a fable, myth, legend, folklore, etc. However narrative can be also written to teach or inform, to change attitudes/social opinion.

The Generic Structure :

a. Orientation : Sets the scene and introduces the participants.

b. Complication : A crisis arises.

c. Resolution : The crisis is resolved, for better or for worse.

d. Re-orientation : (optional)

The Typical Elements :

a. Setting : When and where the story occurs.

b. Characters : The most important people or characters in the story.

c. Initiating Event : An action or occurrence that establishes a problem and/or goal.

d. Conflict : The focal point around which the whole story is organized.

e. Events : One or more attempts by the main character(s) to achieve the goal or solve the problem.

f. Resolution : The outcome of the attempts to achieve the goal or solve the problem.

g. Theme : The main idea or moral of the story.

The Characteristics of Narrative Text :

a. Using the Simple Past Tense.

b. It’s started with adverb, such as long time ago, once upon a time, in a faraway land, etc.

c. Using the conjunctions, such as then, after, that, before, etc.

The example of narrative text :

The Story of Sangkuriang and Tangkuban Perahu Mountain

Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of dog,his name is Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang.
One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day, Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home.

Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang's, his own dog. So, She was very angry and hit Sangkuriang's head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home.

Years go bye, Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in Sangkuriang's head. It matched to her son's wound who had left severall years earlier. Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own son.

She couldn't marry him but how to say it. Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day.
Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain of Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.

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RECOUNT TEXT

Definition
Recount text is a text that is used to retell events for the purpose of informing of entertaining.

The generic structure of recount text are :

• Orientation (it gives the reader the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it happened)
• Events (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)
• Re-orientation (restates the writer's opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incedent)

The significant lexicogrammatical features :

• Use of simple past tense
• Use of temporal conjunction (when, after, before, next, later, then)
• Use of personal pronouns (I,we) and nouns
• Use of adverbs (place, manner, time)

The example of recount text :

A Tour to The Botanic Garden

On Thursday 24 April, Year Eight students went to the Botanic Gardens. We walked down and got into the bus.

After we arrived at the gardens, we walked down to the Education Centre. We went to have a look around. First we went to the Orchid Farm and Mrs. Rita read us some of the information. Then we looked at all the lovely plants. After that we went down to a little spot in the Botanic Gardens and had morning tea.Next we took some pictures and then we went back to the Education Centre to have lunch. After that we went for a walk.

A lady took us around and introduced herself, then she explained what we were going to do. Next she took us in to the green house. It was most interesting.After we had finished we went back outside. Finally we got into the bus and returned to school. We were tired but happy.

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HAPPINES EXPRESSION

Definition
Happiness expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings.

What would you say to express your happiness ?

• I'm happy
• Fantastic !
• I'm so glad to hear that
• I can't show how pleased/ delighted Iam about it
• Great !
• Wonderfull !
• Terrific !
• I'm (very) pleased /(really) delighted (about)...

Example dioalogs about happiness expression :
Mother : Rully, why you don't eat now ? I've cooked your favourite food, chicken curry.
Rully : Oh..have you ? Great mom !Thank you. I haven't eaten it for a long time.

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GIVING INSTRUCTION

Definition:
Giving intruction is an expression aaht is used in other person does what we instruct or request.

Notes : The tense used in giving intruction is "Simple Present Tense"

1) We used verbs as commanding word in the form of infinitive without to (V1)
Example

• sit down !
• cover your food !
• eat your meal !
• wash your hand !
• sweep the floor !
• clean the room !

2) We use the word dont + V1
Example

• don't climb
• don't let them in
• don't do it
• don't be a fool
• don't be a bad boy
• don't touch me

3) We use be + adjective, or noun, or adverb
Example

• be carefull !
• be happy !
• be a good student : noun
• be yourself
• be there
• be on time

4) We use the word "please" at the beginning/at the end of an intruction to make it sounds more polite.
Example

• sit down, please
• please don't do that

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GAINING ATTENTION

Definition
Gaining attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to that we want to.

How to gaining attention ?

• Attention, please !
• Excuse me
• Look here
• Listen to me, please
• Waiter ?
• Wow, really ?
• I'm listening

How to showing attention ?

• Look at you !
• How beautifull !
• What's the matter ?
• Is everything, all right ?
• Oh really ? Is it true ?
• Oh my god ! What happens ?
• Wow..really ?That's incredibble !

The axample about gaining attention :
Teacher : Attention please ! Next week we will have a test ! So, you must study to get a good score !
Students : OK, sir !

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ANNOUNCEMENT

Definition:
Announcement is something said, written or printed to make know that has happened or (more often) what will happen.

- In writing announcements, keep the following points:

• The title/type of event
• Date, time, place and
• Contact person

- We can find the announcement in television, radio, newspaper, wall magazine in school, etc..

- Characteristic or announcements:

• Use simple present tense or future tense often enticement

- The example of announcement

Comitte School Trip To Golden Sands Beach
On 28 of august, there will be a school trip to dolden sands beach.
Depature time : 07.30 a.m
Programs : swimming, games, volleyball and lunch in the sea view restaurant.
Afternoon : walk along the beach to the lagoon and watch the boat festival.
Fee : Rp. 50, 000.00
Contact person : Pasha,Oncy
Chair Person

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SYMPATHY EXPRESSION

Definition
Sympathy expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern of carefullness on other people's condition.

How can we give sympathy expression to someone ?
We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short message service (SMS) , e-mail, television, radio and newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far from us.

Showing sympathy

• I'm sorryfor what's happened
• Oh you, poor little thing
• Look ! This not the end of the world
• (oh, dear) I am sorry (to hear that)
• That's a pity/shame
• You must be very upset
• Oh, no!
• I know how it feels !

The example about sympathy expression :

Sunny : Sherly, are you okay ?
Sherly : Oh, no Sunny ! Now, I don't have father !Why must my father ?
Kissa : Oh. .I'm sorry to hear that. But, this not the end of the world. You must be strong!
Sherly : Thank you, Sunny. You are my best friend!

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PROCEDURE TEXT

Example of procedure text :
Goal : How to make FRIED RICE

Ingredients :
- a plate of rice
- 2 tablespoon oil
- 1 tablespoon soybean sauce
- 1 egg
- 5 shallots
- 2 cloves of garlic
- some salt and pepper

Equipments :
- a knife
- a frying pan
- a spatula
- a plate

Steps
1. Slice the shallots and garlic
2. Pour the oil into the pan and heat it
3. Cook the shallot and garlic until it smells nice
4. Put the rice into the pan
5. Season with some salt and pepper
6. Stir the rice until all the ingredients are mixed well
7. Put the rice on a plate.


Definition
Procedure text is to give someone instruction about something through a sequence of steps.

- The generic structure of procedure text are :

• Goal/aim (or title)
• Materials (not required for all procedure text)
• Steps (the action that must be taken)

- Linguistic Features

• Focus on generalized human agents (often implict)
• Use of simple present
• Use of mainly temporal conjunction
• Use of mainly action verbs (often imperratives)

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SIMPLE PRESENT

 Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.


Pattern :

(+) subject + is/are/am + object/complement

      subject + verb (+ s/es) + object

(-) subject + is/are/am + not + object/complement

     subject + do/does + not + object

(?) is/am/are + subject + complement?

     does/do + subject + verb + object/complement

 Examples:

1. You speak English (+)
2. Do you speak English? (?)
3. You do not speak English (-)

Examples:

• I play tennis.
• She does not play tennis.
• Does he play tennis? 
• The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
• The train does not leave at 9 AM.
• When does the train usually leave?
• She always forgets her purse.
• He never forgets his wallet.
• Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
• Does the Sun circle the Earth?

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.

Examples:

• Cats like milk.
• Birds do not like milk.
• Do pigs like milk?
• California is in America.
• California is not in the United Kingdom.
• Windows are made of glass.
• Windows are not made of wood.

Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.

Examples:

• The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
• The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
• When do we board the plane?
• The party starts at 8 o'clock.
• When does class begin tomorrow?

Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.

Examples:

• I am here now.
• She is not here now.
• He needs help right now.
• He does not need help now.
• He has his passport in his hand.
• Do you have your passport with you?

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INVITATION

DEFINITION :

Invitation is a document written or printed, or spoken words, to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.

FORMAL INVITATION

Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies, and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.

INFORMAL INVITATION

Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.

Competen of invitation is encompass all the menthods extending, accepting, and declining an invitation.

EXTENDING (Mengutarakan Maksud)

examples :

   

Inviting Someone:

• would you come with me tomorrow?
• please, meet me in our favorite place!
• let's go to cinema 21, there Doraemon movie! :D
• shall we see the circus?
• if you free, pleae come to my cafe!

 Accepting an Invitation :

• Great! let's go
• That's good idea
• Yes, i'd love to
• okay see you
• thank you, i will come to your cafe.

Declining Invitation :

• Thank you for inviting me, but i have an appointment with my nephew.
• i'm so sorry, i can't. i have something to do next week.
• I'm really sorry about that.
• I'd love to, but i have to study this tonight for my examination.

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GREETING

Hi Guys :) Let me tell u about greeting. do you know greeting?
okay, Greeting is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other members of the animal kingdom) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. While greeting customs are highly culture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other than gestures.

Example of Greeting :
Person A: “Hi, my name is Rully. It’s nice to meet you.”
Person B: “I’m Wendy. It’s a pleasure to meet you, Rul.”
Person A: “What do you do for a living Wen?”
Person B: “I work at the bank.”

Greetings can be expressed both avdibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other then gestures.

Example:
How do you greet other people?
~ Good Morning / Afternoon / Evening / Night / nite.
~ Hi / Hello, Ruly!
~ How everything with you?
~ How are you / How life / How are you getting along?
~ Fine thanks!
~ Pretty goods thanks!
~ I’m well, thanks.
~ Not bad, thanks. And you?

How do introduce yourself?
~ Let me introduce myself. My name is Rully Azhar.
~ Hello, my name is Ruly!
~ Hi, I’m Ruly!

How do you introduce other people?
~ I would like to introduce Edwin!
~ I would like you to meet agree.
~ Excuse me, let me introduce my new friend. His name is Edwin.

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