GRATITUDE, COMPLEMENT, and CONGRATULATION

  Gratitude is also called thanking. We say "thank you" when people give us something, give a compliment, wish us something, etc. Expressing Gratitude: I should like to express my gratitude Thank you very much Thank for your help How can I thank you? I'm very grateful to you I can't thank you enough I'm very much obliged to you Responding: It was the least I could do You're welcome No big deal Don't metion it It's a pleasure That's all right Any time Compliment is expression that used to give praising to other people. Some people use compliment to better up some dayor to flatter in order to increasegood will. Expression Compliment:Good...

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Surprise and disbelief

Surprises and disbelief is an expression that we show/say when know/hear/see something that rather difficult to believe. Expressing Surprise: Wow! What a surprise! That's a surprise! That's very surprising! Really? What? Are you serious? You must be joking! You're kidding! Fancy that! I must say it surprise me I find it hard to believe Responding: Yeah! It is Yup! Sure It's true I'm serious No, I'm not Does it? It is, isn't it? When you got surprising fact, you can say: Do you know what? Believe it or not? You may not believe it, but..... Can you believe this? Example of Surprise: Rensi: Whose car is that? Yeyen: It's Tami Rensi: Are you kidding...

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Invitation

Inviting Someone: I'd like to invite youto have dinner this saturday. I'd like to invite you to a party next friday I was wondering if you'd like to...... Would you like to....? Will you come to....? Accepting an Invitation: I'd love to That would be wonderful Yes, thank you. What time? Thanks. I'd love to That would be great, thanks Declining an Invitation: I'm awfully sorry, I have other plans I wish I could, but.... I'd really to, but..... Sorry. I've already made plans for saturday I would love to, but I ..... Example: Roni: Hi, Vito. Tomorrow Dani and I are going to Depok Beach. Do you want to join? Vito: Oh, sorry, but I'm not really interested...

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Asking for Information

There are a number of formulas when asking for information: Could you tell me...? Do you know...? Do you happen to know....? I'd like to know... Could you find out...? I'm interested in... I'm looking for... Could you give me some information about... Is it true that... Have you got an idea of... These two forms are used for asking information on the telephone: I'm calling to find out... I'm calling about....

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Modals In The Past Form

When do we use modals? To talk about someone's ability (or inability) to do something Example: "We can find your house without the street plan." "She can't have a daughter that old!" To talk about an action that is necessary (or impossible, or not necessary) Example: "You must always have your driver's licence when you are driving your car." "You needn't carry your passport around with you." To talk about a situation that is possible (or impossible) Example:"Do be careful with that glass, the baby might knock it over" Modals in the Past Form can't have could ...

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Narrative Text

Definition Narrative is an imagine story. It's purpose is to entertain or amuse the listeners or readers. Structure of the text: Orientation Complication Resolution Re-Orientation (Optional) Language Features: Focus on specific prticipants Use of past tense Use of temporal conjuction and temporal circumstances Use of material proccess...

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Descriptive Text

Definition Descriptive text is to describe a particular person, place, thing or event. Sometimes in a spoken text, you may use fillers, such as, er, um,...etc Stucture of the text: Identification: identifies the phenomenon to be describe Description: describes parts, qualities and the characteristics of the person, place, thing or event to be described....

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Dirrect & Indirrect

Definition Dirrect speech refer to reproducing another person's exact words or saying exactly what someone has said. Indirrect speech refer to reproducing the idea of another person words that doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word. Here a the backshift of tenses: FROM TO Simple Present Simple Past Simple Past Present Perfect Past Perfect Past Perfect Will Would am/is/are was/were Was/were has been Had been had been Time Signal: Dirrect Speech Indirrect Speech Now...

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Introductory it

Introductory "ItWhen the subjective is an infinitive phrase: We begin a sentence with it when the real subject is an infinitive phrase. So instead of saying, ‘To accept your advice is difficult’, we say, ‘It is difficult to accept your advice’. Structure: It + verb + subject complement + infinitive phrase (real subject) It is easy to learn English. (To learn English is easy.) It is easy to find fault with others. (To find fault with others is easy.) It is difficult to know his motive. (To know his motive is difficult.) It is difficult to find a good job during these troubled times. It is dangerous to play with fire. It could be dangerous to...

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News Item

Definition News item is factual text which informs the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. Social function of news item is to informs readers, listeners, or viewers about event of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. Generic Structure of News Item: Newsworthy event: recount the event in summary form Background event: elaborate what happened, to whom, in what, circumstances. Sources: comments by participants in witnesses to and authorities expert on the event. Significant Grammar Features: Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline Generally using simple past tense Use...

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FINITE VERBS Definition content="Microsoft Word 12"> A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle.Some Types Tense:Finite verb forms include: I go, she goes, he went Non-finite verb forms include: to go, going, gone Identify the finite verbs in a sentence: Most finite verbs can take an -ed or a -d at the end of the word to indicate time in the past:cough, coughed; celebrate, celebrated. Nearly all finite verbs take an -s at the end of...

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Noun Phrase

DefinitionThe noun phrase is a group of words that ends with a noun. It can contain determiners (the, a, this, etc.), adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. It cannot begin with a preposition. Remember that both subjects and complements are generally noun phrases.Example: My coach is happy. I like the cars over there. The woman who lives there is my aunt. Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster. I consider Meong my favorite cat. Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves. To read quickly and accurately is John’s goal. Two of my guests have arrived. Mr. Jones spoke to Dr. James. My friend works with her father. Alex...

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SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE Definition Simple Future Tense is used to describing job or action that will to do (happened) at future. The Formula: 1. Will (+) S + shall/will + Verb I (-) S + shall/will + not + Verb I (?) Shall/will + S + Verb I? 2. Going to (+) S + be + going to + Verb I (-) S + be + not + goimg to + Verb I (?) be + S + going to + Verb I? How do we use the Simple Future Tense?No Plan: we use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Example:Hold on. I'll get a pen. We will see what we can do to help you. Maybe we'll stay...

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OFFERING The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.Example: Ratna : Would you like a juice, Brenda?Brenda : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this juice tastes goodRatna : Thank you. I’m glad you like it. Expression of offering:Ways to say it* Would you like a cup of tea, Carol?* Should I get you a bottle of water?* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Veronika?* Would you care some salad?Offering to friends:* Want some?* Have some?* Chocolate?* Grab some for yourself Less formal expressions:* Would you like to have a pancake?* Why don't you have some lemonade?* What can I get for you?* What will you have?Declining an offering * No, thanks.* No, really won't, thanks* Not for me, thanks.Accepting an offering:* Thank you.* Yes, please* I'd like it...

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ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBER OR NOT There are many expression Formal Expression: I wonder if you remember..... You remember...., don’t you? You haven’t forgotten...., have you? Don’t you remember.....? you happen to remember it now? Ways to respond:Let me think, yes, I remember. I remember especially the scenery. I’ll never forget that I’ll always remember. I can remember it clearly. Informal expressions:Remember the old house we used to live in? Remember that? I’m sorry I don’t remember Ways to respond: Hold on. Yes, got it! I know..... It’s coming back to me now. Respond if you forget:Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten. I’m affraid I forget. I really can’t remember. I’m afraid I have no memory of him Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.Sorry, it slipped off my min...

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